Question

To measure the effects of Geographic location, Income or Population on life expectance rate

Data Description

  • Region/Country fields describes the continent and country the Life expectancy is measured
  • Additionally, Population, Income, and Life expectance is provided for each country from years 1800 to 2015
Income - Gross domestic product per person adjusted for differences in purchasing power (GDP/capita, PPP$ inflation adjusted)
Life - The average number of years a newborn child would live if current mortality pattern were to stay the same
population - Population for the given country in the given year (Source: GapMinder)

Data Preparation

  1. Import the Raw data
  2. Summarize Data
  3. Study the scope
#Importing raw data
gapminder <- read.csv("~/Desktop/Harrisburg University/ANLY 506-90-O/Exploratory-Data-Analytics/Data/gapminder.csv")
#Summary of data
str(gapminder)
## 'data.frame':    41284 obs. of  6 variables:
##  $ Country   : Factor w/ 197 levels "Afghanistan",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ Year      : int  1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 ...
##  $ life      : num  28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 ...
##  $ population: Factor w/ 15260 levels "","1,005,328,574",..: 7490 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ income    : num  603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 ...
##  $ region    : Factor w/ 6 levels "America","East Asia & Pacific",..: 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ...

Here, we study that Country, population, and income are Factors. Life and income are of num data type while year is of int datatype.

#Study the scope
summary(gapminder)
##                 Country           Year           life      
##  Afghanistan        :  216   Min.   :1800   Min.   : 1.00  
##  Albania            :  216   1st Qu.:1854   1st Qu.:31.00  
##  Algeria            :  216   Median :1908   Median :35.12  
##  Angola             :  216   Mean   :1907   Mean   :42.88  
##  Antigua and Barbuda:  216   3rd Qu.:1962   3rd Qu.:55.60  
##  Argentina          :  216   Max.   :2015   Max.   :84.10  
##  (Other)            :39988                                 
##    population        income                              region     
##         :25817   Min.   :   142   America                   : 7961  
##  121000 :    6   1st Qu.:   883   East Asia & Pacific       : 6256  
##  14092  :    6   Median :  1450   Europe & Central Asia     :10468  
##  1432000:    6   Mean   :  4571   Middle East & North Africa: 4309  
##  229000 :    6   3rd Qu.:  3483   South Asia                : 1728  
##  2574000:    6   Max.   :182668   Sub-Saharan Africa        :10562  
##  (Other):15437   NA's   :2341
levels(gapminder$Country)
##   [1] "Afghanistan"            "Åland"                 
##   [3] "Albania"                "Algeria"               
##   [5] "Andorra"                "Angola"                
##   [7] "Antigua and Barbuda"    "Argentina"             
##   [9] "Armenia"                "Aruba"                 
##  [11] "Australia"              "Austria"               
##  [13] "Azerbaijan"             "Bahamas"               
##  [15] "Bahrain"                "Bangladesh"            
##  [17] "Barbados"               "Belarus"               
##  [19] "Belgium"                "Belize"                
##  [21] "Benin"                  "Bhutan"                
##  [23] "Bolivia"                "Bosnia and Herzegovina"
##  [25] "Botswana"               "Brazil"                
##  [27] "Brunei"                 "Bulgaria"              
##  [29] "Burkina Faso"           "Burundi"               
##  [31] "Cambodia"               "Cameroon"              
##  [33] "Canada"                 "Cape Verde"            
##  [35] "Chad"                   "Channel Islands"       
##  [37] "Chile"                  "China"                 
##  [39] "Colombia"               "Comoros"               
##  [41] "Congo, Dem. Rep."       "Congo, Rep."           
##  [43] "Costa Rica"             "Cote d'Ivoire"         
##  [45] "Croatia"                "Cuba"                  
##  [47] "Cyprus"                 "Denmark"               
##  [49] "Djibouti"               "Dominica"              
##  [51] "Ecuador"                "Egypt"                 
##  [53] "El Salvador"            "Equatorial Guinea"     
##  [55] "Eritrea"                "Estonia"               
##  [57] "Ethiopia"               "Fiji"                  
##  [59] "Finland"                "France"                
##  [61] "French Guiana"          "French Polynesia"      
##  [63] "Gabon"                  "Gambia"                
##  [65] "Georgia"                "Germany"               
##  [67] "Ghana"                  "Greece"                
##  [69] "Greenland"              "Grenada"               
##  [71] "Guadeloupe"             "Guam"                  
##  [73] "Guatemala"              "Guinea"                
##  [75] "Guinea-Bissau"          "Guyana"                
##  [77] "Haiti"                  "Honduras"              
##  [79] "Hong Kong, China"       "Hungary"               
##  [81] "Iceland"                "India"                 
##  [83] "Indonesia"              "Iran"                  
##  [85] "Iraq"                   "Ireland"               
##  [87] "Israel"                 "Italy"                 
##  [89] "Jamaica"                "Japan"                 
##  [91] "Jordan"                 "Kazakhstan"            
##  [93] "Kenya"                  "Kiribati"              
##  [95] "Kuwait"                 "Latvia"                
##  [97] "Lebanon"                "Lesotho"               
##  [99] "Liberia"                "Libya"                 
## [101] "Lithuania"              "Luxembourg"            
## [103] "Macao, China"           "Macedonia, FYR"        
## [105] "Madagascar"             "Malawi"                
## [107] "Malaysia"               "Maldives"              
## [109] "Mali"                   "Malta"                 
## [111] "Marshall Islands"       "Martinique"            
## [113] "Mauritania"             "Mauritius"             
## [115] "Mayotte"                "Mexico"                
## [117] "Micronesia, Fed. Sts."  "Moldova"               
## [119] "Mongolia"               "Montenegro"            
## [121] "Morocco"                "Mozambique"            
## [123] "Myanmar"                "Namibia"               
## [125] "Nepal"                  "Netherlands"           
## [127] "Netherlands Antilles"   "New Caledonia"         
## [129] "New Zealand"            "Nicaragua"             
## [131] "Niger"                  "Nigeria"               
## [133] "Norway"                 "Oman"                  
## [135] "Pakistan"               "Panama"                
## [137] "Papua New Guinea"       "Paraguay"              
## [139] "Peru"                   "Philippines"           
## [141] "Poland"                 "Portugal"              
## [143] "Puerto Rico"            "Qatar"                 
## [145] "Reunion"                "Romania"               
## [147] "Russia"                 "Rwanda"                
## [149] "Samoa"                  "Sao Tome and Principe" 
## [151] "Saudi Arabia"           "Senegal"               
## [153] "Serbia"                 "Seychelles"            
## [155] "Sierra Leone"           "Singapore"             
## [157] "Slovak Republic"        "Slovenia"              
## [159] "Solomon Islands"        "Somalia"               
## [161] "South Africa"           "South Sudan"           
## [163] "Spain"                  "Sri Lanka"             
## [165] "Sudan"                  "Suriname"              
## [167] "Swaziland"              "Sweden"                
## [169] "Switzerland"            "Syria"                 
## [171] "Taiwan"                 "Tajikistan"            
## [173] "Tanzania"               "Thailand"              
## [175] "Timor-Leste"            "Togo"                  
## [177] "Tokelau"                "Tonga"                 
## [179] "Trinidad and Tobago"    "Tunisia"               
## [181] "Turkey"                 "Turkmenistan"          
## [183] "Uganda"                 "Ukraine"               
## [185] "United Arab Emirates"   "United Kingdom"        
## [187] "United States"          "Uruguay"               
## [189] "Uzbekistan"             "Vanuatu"               
## [191] "Venezuela"              "Vietnam"               
## [193] "Virgin Islands (U.S.)"  "West Bank and Gaza"    
## [195] "Western Sahara"         "Zambia"                
## [197] "Zimbabwe"

Looking at the summary, now we know there are 197 countries spread across 6 regions, each having 216 entries for years from 1800 to 2015. The life expectancy ranges from 1 to 84%

Analysis

#gapminder_2015 <- gapminder %>% filter(Year==2015)
#symbols(gapminder_2015$income, gapminder_2015$life, circles = gapminder_2015$population, inches=0.35, fg="white", bg="red", xlab="Income", ylab="Life Expectancy") + scale_x_log10()
#text(gapminder_2015$income, gapminder_2015$life, gapminder_2015$Country, cex=0.4)
library("plotly")
## Loading required package: ggplot2
## 
## Attaching package: 'plotly'
## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
## 
##     last_plot
## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter
## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
## 
##     layout
p <- gapminder %>%
              filter(Year==2015) %>%
                  ggplot(aes(income, life, size = population, color=region)) + geom_point() + scale_x_log10() +
                  theme_bw()
 
ggplotly(p)
## Warning: Using size for a discrete variable is not advised.

Including Plots

You can also embed plots, for example:

Note that the echo = FALSE parameter was added to the code chunk to prevent printing of the R code that generated the plot.